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NCLEX-PN Exam Questions - Part 46
1. Which physiologic mechanism best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?
A) active transport
B) diffusion
C) filtration
D) osmosis
2. Laboratory tests reveal the following electrolyte values for Mr. Smith: Na 135 mEq/L, Ca 8.5 mg/dL, Cl 102 mEq/L, and K 2.0 mEq/L. Which of the following values should the nurse report to the physician because of its potential risk to the client?
A) Ca
B) K
C) Na
D) Cl
3. A client receiving drug therapy with furosemide and digitalis requires careful observation and care. In planning care for this client, the nurse should recognize that which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely to occur?
A) hyperkalemia
B) hypernatremia
C) hypokalemia
D) hypomagnesemia
4. Which statement best describes electrolytes in intracellular and extracellular fluid?
A) There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid.
B) There is an equal concentration of sodium and potassium in extracellular fluid.
C) There is a greater concentration of potassium in extracellular fluid and sodium in intracellular fluid.
D) There is an equal concentration of sodium and potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluid.
5. Which of the following instructions should a nurse give a client who is about to undergo pelvic ultrasonography?
A) 'Urinate prior to the test.'
B) 'Have someone drive you home.'
C) 'Do not drink after midnight.'
D) 'Drink plenty of water.'
A) active transport
B) diffusion
C) filtration
D) osmosis
2. Laboratory tests reveal the following electrolyte values for Mr. Smith: Na 135 mEq/L, Ca 8.5 mg/dL, Cl 102 mEq/L, and K 2.0 mEq/L. Which of the following values should the nurse report to the physician because of its potential risk to the client?
A) Ca
B) K
C) Na
D) Cl
3. A client receiving drug therapy with furosemide and digitalis requires careful observation and care. In planning care for this client, the nurse should recognize that which of the following electrolyte imbalances is most likely to occur?
A) hyperkalemia
B) hypernatremia
C) hypokalemia
D) hypomagnesemia
4. Which statement best describes electrolytes in intracellular and extracellular fluid?
A) There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid.
B) There is an equal concentration of sodium and potassium in extracellular fluid.
C) There is a greater concentration of potassium in extracellular fluid and sodium in intracellular fluid.
D) There is an equal concentration of sodium and potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluid.
5. Which of the following instructions should a nurse give a client who is about to undergo pelvic ultrasonography?
A) 'Urinate prior to the test.'
B) 'Have someone drive you home.'
C) 'Do not drink after midnight.'
D) 'Drink plenty of water.'
1. Right Answer: A
Explanation: Active transport is a process requiring energy to transport ions against a concentration gradient, as is needed in the sodium-potassium pump. Choices 2, 3, and 4 are other regulatory mechanisms involved in fluid and electrolyte balance. Physiological Adaptation
2. Right Answer: B
Explanation: Normal serum potassium level ranges between 3.5 and 5.5 mEq/L. The levels in choices 1, 3, and 4 are within normal ranges. Physiological Adaptation
3. Right Answer: C
Explanation: Diuretics such as furosemide might deplete serum potassium. Additionally, the action of digitalis might be potentiated by hypokalemia. These drugs are not associated with hyperkalemia. Diuretic therapy could cause hyponatremia, not hypernatremia. Choice 4 is generally associated with poor nutrition, alcoholism, and excessive GI or renal losses. Physiological Adaptation
4. Right Answer: A
Explanation: There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid. Physiological Adaptation
5. Right Answer: D
Explanation: A full bladder is required to serve as a landmark to define pelvic organs. No sedation is given, so the client may drive herself home after the test. Reduction of RiskPotential
Explanation: Active transport is a process requiring energy to transport ions against a concentration gradient, as is needed in the sodium-potassium pump. Choices 2, 3, and 4 are other regulatory mechanisms involved in fluid and electrolyte balance. Physiological Adaptation
2. Right Answer: B
Explanation: Normal serum potassium level ranges between 3.5 and 5.5 mEq/L. The levels in choices 1, 3, and 4 are within normal ranges. Physiological Adaptation
3. Right Answer: C
Explanation: Diuretics such as furosemide might deplete serum potassium. Additionally, the action of digitalis might be potentiated by hypokalemia. These drugs are not associated with hyperkalemia. Diuretic therapy could cause hyponatremia, not hypernatremia. Choice 4 is generally associated with poor nutrition, alcoholism, and excessive GI or renal losses. Physiological Adaptation
4. Right Answer: A
Explanation: There is a greater concentration of sodium in extracellular fluid and potassium in intracellular fluid. Physiological Adaptation
5. Right Answer: D
Explanation: A full bladder is required to serve as a landmark to define pelvic organs. No sedation is given, so the client may drive herself home after the test. Reduction of RiskPotential
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