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NCLEX-PN Exam Questions - Part 79
1. The nurse should utilize data about which of the following to provide information about the nutritional status of a client being evaluated for malnutrition?
A) triceps skinfold measurement
B) fasting blood glucose level
C) hemoglobin A1c level
D) serum lipid profile results
2. The nurse should make which of the following responses when questioned by a client about the role of leptin in the body?
A) It increases food intake in clients, thereby promoting obesity.
B) It assists in the regulation of steroids.
C) It increases the total fat mass of people who are obese.
D) It might decrease the total fat mass in the bodies of people who are obese.
3. What are the implications for a client with renal insufficiency who wants to start a low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet?
A) As long as the client eats a minimum of 30g of CHO/day, there should be no problem.
B) The client - s clinical condition is a contraindication to starting a low CHO diet.
C) Calcium supplements should be utilized to prevent the development of osteoporosis while on a low CHO diet.
D) As long as the client eats foods that are high biologic protein sources, a low CHO diet can be followed.
4. Herbal therapy has several indications for use. Primarily, herbal therapy is:
A) used to treat many common complaints and diseases.
B) used to promote certain types of low-carb diets.
C) used as an adjunct to medications.
D) used to create a diet without salt and carbohydrates.
5. The chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorourcacil (5-FU) is ordered for a client as an adjunct measure to surgery. Which statement about chemotherapy is true?
A) It is a local treatment affecting only tumor cells.
B) It is a systemic treatment affecting both tumor and normal cells.
C) It has not yet been proved an effective treatment for cancer.
D) It is often the drug of choice because it causes few, if any, side effects.
A) triceps skinfold measurement
B) fasting blood glucose level
C) hemoglobin A1c level
D) serum lipid profile results
2. The nurse should make which of the following responses when questioned by a client about the role of leptin in the body?
A) It increases food intake in clients, thereby promoting obesity.
B) It assists in the regulation of steroids.
C) It increases the total fat mass of people who are obese.
D) It might decrease the total fat mass in the bodies of people who are obese.
3. What are the implications for a client with renal insufficiency who wants to start a low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet?
A) As long as the client eats a minimum of 30g of CHO/day, there should be no problem.
B) The client - s clinical condition is a contraindication to starting a low CHO diet.
C) Calcium supplements should be utilized to prevent the development of osteoporosis while on a low CHO diet.
D) As long as the client eats foods that are high biologic protein sources, a low CHO diet can be followed.
4. Herbal therapy has several indications for use. Primarily, herbal therapy is:
A) used to treat many common complaints and diseases.
B) used to promote certain types of low-carb diets.
C) used as an adjunct to medications.
D) used to create a diet without salt and carbohydrates.
5. The chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorourcacil (5-FU) is ordered for a client as an adjunct measure to surgery. Which statement about chemotherapy is true?
A) It is a local treatment affecting only tumor cells.
B) It is a systemic treatment affecting both tumor and normal cells.
C) It has not yet been proved an effective treatment for cancer.
D) It is often the drug of choice because it causes few, if any, side effects.
1. Right Answer: A
Explanation: Objective anthropometric measurements such as triceps skinfold and mid-arm circumference (MAC), along with weight, are usually used to diagnose malnutrition.While all the other choices represent tests that might provide useful information, they also might be affected by variables other than malnutrition. PhysiologicalAdaptation
2. Right Answer: D
Explanation: Leptin (recessive obesity gene protein hormone) is expressed in fat cell coding for the protein that reacts to the percentage of fat cells in the body. Leptin is associated with increased energy expenditure and decreased food intake via hypothalamic control. Obese clients might have insensitivity or resistance to the effects of leptin. Leptin can affect other body hormones such as insulin. Genetic factors include leptin, uncoupling proteins, and the amount of brown/white fat in the body. Physiological Adaptation
3. Right Answer: B
Explanation: A client with renal insufficiency should not start a low CHO diet because it could result in an increased renal solute load. Clients who have renal disease (renal failure, endstage renal disease [ESRD], dialysis, and transplant) or liver disease (liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, cirrhosis, transplant, and hepatitis) require some form of protein control in dietary patterns to prevent complications from an inability to handle protein solute load. Proteins used in the diet must be of high biologic value, and protein intake is usually weight based, starting at 0.8 g/kg of dry weight, depending on the clients underlying clinical condition. Protein levels may be increased as necessary to account for metabolic response to dialysis and regeneration of liver tissue (1.52.0 g/kg/day). A minimum level of CHOs are needed in the diet (50100 g/day) to spare protein. Vitamin and mineral supplements might be indicated with clients who have liver failure. The dietician is instrumental in calculating specific nutrient requirements for these clients and reviewing fluid intake and output, medication profile, and daily weight to monitor client outcomes in conjunction with dialysis technicians and nurses. Physiological Adaptation
4. Right Answer: A
Explanation: Herbal therapy is used to treat many common complaints and diseases. Physiological Adaptation
5. Right Answer: B
Explanation: 5-FU is an antieoplastic, antimetabolic drug that inhibits DNA synthesis and interferes with cell replication. It is given intravenously and acts systemically. It affects all rapidly growing cells,both malignant and normal. It is used as adjuvant therapy for treating cancer of the colon, rectum, stomach, breast, and pancreas. This drug has many side effects, including bone marrow depression, anorexia, stomatitis, nausea, and vomiting. Physiological Adaptation
Explanation: Objective anthropometric measurements such as triceps skinfold and mid-arm circumference (MAC), along with weight, are usually used to diagnose malnutrition.While all the other choices represent tests that might provide useful information, they also might be affected by variables other than malnutrition. PhysiologicalAdaptation
2. Right Answer: D
Explanation: Leptin (recessive obesity gene protein hormone) is expressed in fat cell coding for the protein that reacts to the percentage of fat cells in the body. Leptin is associated with increased energy expenditure and decreased food intake via hypothalamic control. Obese clients might have insensitivity or resistance to the effects of leptin. Leptin can affect other body hormones such as insulin. Genetic factors include leptin, uncoupling proteins, and the amount of brown/white fat in the body. Physiological Adaptation
3. Right Answer: B
Explanation: A client with renal insufficiency should not start a low CHO diet because it could result in an increased renal solute load. Clients who have renal disease (renal failure, endstage renal disease [ESRD], dialysis, and transplant) or liver disease (liver failure, hepatic encephalopathy, cirrhosis, transplant, and hepatitis) require some form of protein control in dietary patterns to prevent complications from an inability to handle protein solute load. Proteins used in the diet must be of high biologic value, and protein intake is usually weight based, starting at 0.8 g/kg of dry weight, depending on the clients underlying clinical condition. Protein levels may be increased as necessary to account for metabolic response to dialysis and regeneration of liver tissue (1.52.0 g/kg/day). A minimum level of CHOs are needed in the diet (50100 g/day) to spare protein. Vitamin and mineral supplements might be indicated with clients who have liver failure. The dietician is instrumental in calculating specific nutrient requirements for these clients and reviewing fluid intake and output, medication profile, and daily weight to monitor client outcomes in conjunction with dialysis technicians and nurses. Physiological Adaptation
4. Right Answer: A
Explanation: Herbal therapy is used to treat many common complaints and diseases. Physiological Adaptation
5. Right Answer: B
Explanation: 5-FU is an antieoplastic, antimetabolic drug that inhibits DNA synthesis and interferes with cell replication. It is given intravenously and acts systemically. It affects all rapidly growing cells,both malignant and normal. It is used as adjuvant therapy for treating cancer of the colon, rectum, stomach, breast, and pancreas. This drug has many side effects, including bone marrow depression, anorexia, stomatitis, nausea, and vomiting. Physiological Adaptation
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