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NCLEX-PN Exam Questions - Part 83
1. A nurse is caring for a client with an elevated urine osmolarity. The nurse should assess the client for:
A) fluid volume excess.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) hypercalcemia.
D) fluid volume deficit.
2. A physician orders a serum creatinine for a hospitalized client. The nurse should explain to the client and his family that this test:
A) is normal if the level is 4.0 to 5.5 mg/dl.
B) can be elevated with increased protein intake.
C) is a better indicator of renal function than the BUN.
D) reflects the fluid volume status of a person.
3. One of the major functions of the kidneys in maintaining normal fluid balance is:
A) the manufacture of antidiuretic hormone.
B) the regulation of calcium and phosphate balance.
C) the regulation of the pH of the extracellular fluid.
D) the control of aldosterone levels.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with an elevated cortisol level. The nurse can expect the client to exhibit symptoms of:
A) urinary excess.
B) hyperpituitarism.
C) urinary deficit.
D) hyperthyroidism.
5. The anemias most often associated with pregnancy are:
A) folic acid and iron deficiency.
B) folic acid deficiency and thalassemia.
C) iron deficiency and thalassemia.
D) thalassemia and B12 deficiency.
A) fluid volume excess.
B) hyperkalemia.
C) hypercalcemia.
D) fluid volume deficit.
2. A physician orders a serum creatinine for a hospitalized client. The nurse should explain to the client and his family that this test:
A) is normal if the level is 4.0 to 5.5 mg/dl.
B) can be elevated with increased protein intake.
C) is a better indicator of renal function than the BUN.
D) reflects the fluid volume status of a person.
3. One of the major functions of the kidneys in maintaining normal fluid balance is:
A) the manufacture of antidiuretic hormone.
B) the regulation of calcium and phosphate balance.
C) the regulation of the pH of the extracellular fluid.
D) the control of aldosterone levels.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with an elevated cortisol level. The nurse can expect the client to exhibit symptoms of:
A) urinary excess.
B) hyperpituitarism.
C) urinary deficit.
D) hyperthyroidism.
5. The anemias most often associated with pregnancy are:
A) folic acid and iron deficiency.
B) folic acid deficiency and thalassemia.
C) iron deficiency and thalassemia.
D) thalassemia and B12 deficiency.
1. Right Answer: D
Explanation: For a client with an elevated urine osmolarity, the nurse should assess the client for fluid volume deficit. Physiological Adaptation
2. Right Answer: C
Explanation: A serum creatinine level should be 0.7 to 1.5 mg/dl, and it does not vary with increased protein intake, so it is a better indicator of renal function than theBUN.Physiological Adaptation
3. Right Answer: C
Explanation: Major functions of the kidneys in maintaining normal fluid balance include regulation of extracellular fluid and osmolarity by selective retention and excretion of fluids, regulation of pH of the extracellular fluid by retention of hydrogen ions, and excretion of metabolic wastes and toxic substances. ADH is manufactured by the pituitary, and the parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphate balance. Physiological Adaptation
4. Right Answer: C
Explanation: High levels of cortisol can produce sodium and fluid retention and potassium deficit, thus creating urinary deficit. Physiological Adaptation
5. Right Answer: A
Explanation: Folic acid and iron deficiency anemia are the most common anemias, prevalent in women of childbearing age with 50% of pregnant women having this type of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a result (usually) of the increase in the plasma level during pregnancy but not in the constituent level. Also, if a woman has this type of anemia prepregnancy, it gets worse during pregnancy. Physiological Adaptation
Explanation: For a client with an elevated urine osmolarity, the nurse should assess the client for fluid volume deficit. Physiological Adaptation
2. Right Answer: C
Explanation: A serum creatinine level should be 0.7 to 1.5 mg/dl, and it does not vary with increased protein intake, so it is a better indicator of renal function than theBUN.Physiological Adaptation
3. Right Answer: C
Explanation: Major functions of the kidneys in maintaining normal fluid balance include regulation of extracellular fluid and osmolarity by selective retention and excretion of fluids, regulation of pH of the extracellular fluid by retention of hydrogen ions, and excretion of metabolic wastes and toxic substances. ADH is manufactured by the pituitary, and the parathyroid regulates calcium and phosphate balance. Physiological Adaptation
4. Right Answer: C
Explanation: High levels of cortisol can produce sodium and fluid retention and potassium deficit, thus creating urinary deficit. Physiological Adaptation
5. Right Answer: A
Explanation: Folic acid and iron deficiency anemia are the most common anemias, prevalent in women of childbearing age with 50% of pregnant women having this type of anemia. Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy is a result (usually) of the increase in the plasma level during pregnancy but not in the constituent level. Also, if a woman has this type of anemia prepregnancy, it gets worse during pregnancy. Physiological Adaptation
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