1. Right Answer: D
Explanation: (A) A soft blanket may be comforting, but it is not directed toward developing a sense of trust. (B) Good perineal care is important, but it is not directed toward developing a sense of trust. (C) An infant with meningitis needs frequent attention, but leaving the door open does not foster trust. (D) Consistently picking her up when she cries will help the child feel trust in her caregivers.
2. Right Answer: A
Explanation: (A) Aspirin taken during a viral infection has been implicated as a predisposing factor to Reyes syndrome in children and adolescents. Children and adolescents should not be given aspirin. (B) Allergy to aspirin is not related to Reyes syndrome. (C) Tinnitus, caused by damage to the acoustic nerve, occurs with aspirin toxicity, but this is not related to Reyes syndrome. (D) A 6-year-old child should not be given any baby aspirin.
3. Right Answer: A
Explanation: (A) A 2-year-old child is in the stage of autonomy, according to Erikson. Assembling a puzzle with large pieces enables her to 'do it herself.' (B) A wheelchair ride would probably be fun, but it is not directed toward helping the child to achieve autonomy. (C) Listening to a story may be fun and educational, but it is not directed toward helping the child to achieve autonomy. (D) Watching television may be a favorite activity, but it does not foster autonomy.
4. Right Answer: D
Explanation: (A) This change in blood pressure may not be significant and does not indicate a widening pulse pressure, a late sign of increased ICP. It is important to continue to monitor for change in blood pressure. (B) Acetaminophen may be ineffective in relieving headache after head injury. Stronger analgesics are contraindicated because they mask neurological signs and may depress the CNS. (C) Pulse rates between 68 bpm and 76 bpm are within normal limits for a 14-year-old child. It is important to monitor for a consistent drop in pulse rate, which is a late sign of increasing ICP. (D) An elevated temperature is abnormal and requires further assessment and medical intervention. The temperature may be unrelated to the head injury, but CNS infection is serious and difficult to control.
5. Right Answer: D
Explanation: (A) Limiting activities requiring close vision will not alleviate the discomfort of double vision. (B) Frequent naps may be comforting, but they will not prevent double vision. (C) Artificial tears are necessary in the absence of a corneal reflex, but they have no effect on diplopia. (D) An eye patch over either eye will eliminate the effects of double vision during the time the eye patch is worn. An eye patch is safe for a person with an intact corneal reflex.
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