Published - Thu, 23 Feb 2023

NCLEX-RN Exam Questions - Part 156

1. The nurse knows that children are more susceptible to respiratory tract infections owing to physiological differences. These childhood differences, when compared to an adult, include:

A) Fewer alveoli, slower respiratory rate
B) Diaphragmatic breathing, larger volume of air
C) Larger number of alveoli, diaphragmatic breathing
D) Rounded shape of chest, smaller volume of air

2. A 2-year-old toddler is hospitalized with epiglottitis. In assessing the toddler, the nurse would expect to find:

A) A productive cough
B) Expiratory stridor
C) Drooling
D) Crackles in the lower lobes

3. Which of the following nursing care goals has the highest priority for a child with epiglottitis?

A) Sleep or lie quietly 10 hr/day.
B) Consume foods from all four food groups.
C) Be afebrile throughout her hospital stay.
D) Participate in play activities 4 hr/day.

4. Which of the following nursing orders has the highest priority for a child with epiglottitis?

A) Vital signs every shift
B) Tracheostomy set at bedside
C) Intake and output
D) Specific gravity every shift

5. Often children are monitored with pulse oximeter. The pulse oximeter measures the:

A) O2 content of the blood
B) Oxygen saturation of arterial blood
C) PO2
D) Affinity of hemoglobin for O2

1. Right Answer: D
Explanation: (A) Although a child has fewer alveoli than an adult, the childs respiratory rate is faster. (B) Although a child may use diaphragmatic breathing, the adult exchanges a larger volume of air. (C) The adult has a larger number of alveoli than a child. (D) The childs chest is rounded whereas the adult chest is more of an oval shape, and the child does exchange a smaller volume of air than an adult.

2. Right Answer: C
Explanation: (A) A productive cough is not associated with epiglottitis. (B) Children with epiglottitis seldom have expiratory stridor. Inspiratory stridor is more common due to edema of the supraglottic tissues. (C) Because of difficulty with swallowing, drooling often accompanies epiglottitis. (D) Crackles are not heard in the lower lobes with epiglottitis because the infection is usually confined to the supraglottic structures.

3. Right Answer: A
Explanation: (A) Of these four goals, maintenance of a calm, quiet atmosphere to reduce anxiety and to allow for rest is the most important. (B) Although nutrition is important, the child needs fluids to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance more than solid foods. In addition, the child may not be able to swallow solid foods owing to epiglottic swelling. (C) This goal is unrealistic because fever is a common symptom of the infection associated with epiglottitis. (D) If overexerted, the child will need more O2 and energy than available, and these requirements may exacerbate the condition.

4. Right Answer: B
Explanation: (A) Because of the possibility of fever or respiratory failure, vital signs should be done more often than every eight hours. (B) If the epiglottitis worsens, the edema and laryngospasm may close the airway and an emergency tracheostomy may be necessary. (C) Although intake and output are a part of the nursing care of a child with epiglottitis, it is not as important as the safety measure of keeping the tracheostomy set at the bedside. (D) Specific gravity will indicate hydration status, but it is not as important as keeping the tracheostomy set at the bedside.

5. Right Answer: B
Explanation: (A) The O2 content of whole blood is determined by the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and the oxygen saturation. The pulse oximeter does not measure thePO2. (B) The pulse oximeter is a noninvasive method of measuring the arterial oxygen saturation. (C) The PO2 is the amount of O2 dissolved in plasma, which the pulse oximeter does not measure. (D) The affinity of hemoglobin for O2 is the relationship between oxygen saturation and PO2 and is not measured by the pulse oximeter.

80% DISCOUNT: NCLEX-RN PRACTICE EXAMS